Understanding Minimum Spanning Trees and Algorithms

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This content covers the theory and foundations of Minimum Spanning Trees (MSTs), including definitions of weighted graphs and key properties. It introduces the cut property and greedy reasoning behind MSTs. The representation of MSTs is explored through Edge and EdgeWeightedGraph data structures, along with core algorithms like Prim's (both Lazy and Eager) and Kruskal's with sorting and union-find techniques. Additionally, a Python demonstration illustrates graph input, validation, and...