Applied Cardiovascular Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology Embryological development of the heart and great vessels; fetal circulation and transition at birth; gross structure and position of the heart; chambers, septa, valves and fibrous skeleton; anatomy and properties of cardiac muscle; coronary arterial and venous circulation; blood and nerve supply to the heart; autonomic innervation; major cardiac and systemic vessels. Cardiac electrophysiology: transmembrane potential, resting membrane potential, depolarization and repolarization, phases of the cardiac action potential, refractory periods, automaticity, excitability, conductivity and contractility. Mechanical activity: cardiac cycle, pressure-volume relationships, stroke volume, ejection fraction and cardiac output. Regulation of heartbeat; intrinsic regulation including Frank-Starling mechanism; extrinsic/autonomic and hormonal regulation; regulation of peripheral circulation, vascular tone and blood pressure
Applied Cardiovascular Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology
Embryological development of the heart and great vessels; fetal circulation and transition at birth; gross structure and
position of the heart; chambers, septa, valves and fibrous skeleton; anatomy and properties of cardiac muscle; coronary
arterial and venous circulation; blood and nerve supply to the heart; autonomic innervation; major cardiac and systemic
vessels. Cardiac electrophysiology: transmembrane potential, resting membrane potential, depolarization and
repolarization, phases of the cardiac action potential, refractory periods, automaticity, excitability, conductivity and
contractility. Mechanical activity: cardiac cycle, pressure-volume relationships, stroke volume, ejection fraction and
cardiac output. Regulation of heartbeat; intrinsic regulation including Frank-Starling mechanism; extrinsic/autonomic and
hormonal regulation; regulation of peripheral circulation, vascular tone and blood pressure
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This overview covers the structure and development of the heart, detailing embryology, fetal circulation, and anatomical mapping. It explores the electrical and mechanical functions, linking action potentials to ECG activity and the cardiac cycle to pressure-volume changes. Additionally, it addresses regulation and clinical integration, comparing control mechanisms and explaining vascular tone and blood pressure regulation, with practical applications in haemodynamics.