Biotechnology applications: creating synthetic kidneys

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This methodical research explores the potential of stem cells in kidney regeneration, addressing the global impact of chronic kidney disease and current treatment limitations. It examines how stem cells can restore renal function, considering the risks of developmental gene reactivation and identifies therapeutic targets within the macula densa. The study highlights innovations in cell-free therapies like MSC-derived EVs, assessing their safety, scalability, and advantages over living cell...