BPPV Medical Presentation Prompt Create a professional 10-slide medical presentation on Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) for medical interns during an ENT rotation. Use a clean, modern clinical design with a white/light background, blue medical accents, clear headings, minimal text, professional fonts, and high-quality labeled anatomical and clinical diagrams. Keep the content clinically accurate, concise, and easy for interns to present. Avoid overcrowding slides. Slides 1. Title Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) ENT Rotation – Intern Teaching Presentation Name / Department / Institution 2. Learning Objectives - Define BPPV - Understand relevant vestibular anatomy - Explain pathophysiology - Recognize clinical features - Perform Dix–Hallpike test - Diagnose common BPPV variants - Understand treatment and repositioning maneuvers - Identify red flags 3. Anatomy of the Inner Ear Include a large, clearly labeled diagram showing: - Semicircular canals - Anterior, posterior and horizontal canals - Utricle - Saccule - Otoconia - Vestibular nerve Explain the function of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. 4. Pathophysiology Explain visually: Utricle → displaced otoconia → semicircular canal → abnormal endolymph movement → abnormal vestibular stimulation → vertigo + positional nystagmus. Differentiate: - Canalithiasis - Cupulolithiasis Mention that the posterior semicircular canal is most commonly affected. 5. Clinical Features Include: - Brief episodes of spinning vertigo - Triggered by head position changes - Turning in bed - Looking up/down - Getting up from bed - Usually lasts seconds to <1 minute - Nausea/vomiting may occur - Hearing is usually normal - No focal neurological deficit in typical BPPV 6. Diagnosis Explain that BPPV is primarily a clinical diagnosis. Include: - History - Dix–Hallpike test → posterior canal BPPV - Supine roll test → horizontal canal BPPV - Characteristic positional nystagmus Show the typical posterior canal nystagmus pattern: torsional + upbeating nystagmus. 7. Dix–Hallpike Test Create a step-by-step illustrated diagram: 1. Patient sitting upright 2. Turn head 45° to one side 3. Quickly bring patient to supine 4. Extend neck approximately 20° 5. Observe for vertigo and nystagmus 6. Repeat on opposite side when appropriate Include positive test findings and safety precautions. 8. Differential Diagnosis & Red Flags Compare BPPV with: - Vestibular neuritis - Ménière disease - Vestibular migraine - Central positional vertigo Highlight red flags: - Focal neurological deficit - Severe gait/truncal ataxia - Diplopia - Dysarthria - New severe headache - New hearing loss - Atypical/persistent symptoms 9. Treatment – Epley Maneuver Explain that canalith repositioning is first-line treatment for posterior canal BPPV. Show a clear 4–5 step illustrated Epley maneuver. Also briefly mention: - Semont maneuver - BBQ roll/Lempert maneuver for horizontal canal BPPV - Brandt–Darof