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This research explores the Gut–Brain Axis, highlighting the connection between depression and vagal function, with the vagus nerve linking gut signals to the brain. A randomised, double-blind trial involving 43 patients with depression and 43 controls tested the effects of probiotics over three months. Findings revealed increased levels of Christensenellales and Akkermansia muciniphila in the probiotic group, alongside improvements in sleep medication use and sleep latency, suggesting...