Spaceflight Effects on Insulin & Estrogen Signaling

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This research explores spaceflight's impact on health via insulin and estrogen signaling, using rodent and astronaut RNA studies. Findings highlight disruptions in liver metabolism, muscle protein synthesis, and sex-specific skin gene variations. Biological mechanisms underline metabolic dysfunction, muscle atrophy, and hormonal differences. Insights pave the way for adaptive countermeasures, crucial for future interplanetary missions.