# Slide 1: Title * Title: Crashworthiness Performance Evaluation of Automotive Bumper Beams: A Comparative Study * Content: Evaluation of Steel, Aluminium, and Composite Materials via LS-DYNA Simulation * Presenter: [Your Name / Institution] # Slide 2: Introduction & Research Background * Bumper beams are critical automotive safety components. * Main function: Absorb impact energy and minimize structural damage during collisions. * Objective: Evaluate and balance weight, energy absorption efficiency, and transmitted force. # Slide 3: Methodology - Simulation Setup * Method: Non-linear dynamic finite element analysis using LS-DYNA simulation. * Approach: Mass-equivalent design strategy to ensure fair comparison. * Constant Bumper Beam Mass: Kept identical at approximately 8.03 kg for all configurations. # Slide 4: Methodology - Material Configurations * Configuration 1: Steel beam with a material thickness of 2.2 mm. * Configuration 2: Aluminium beam with a material thickness of 6.35 mm. * Configuration 3: Composite beam with a material thickness of 10.16 mm. # Slide 5: Results - Intrusion Resistance * Reference Point Displacement: All three configurations exhibited similar structural responses. * Intrusion Value: Approximately 53 mm at the designated reference point. * Finding: Equivalent mass design results in comparable resistance to intrusion. # Slide 6: Results - Composite Configuration Performance * Energy Absorption (EA): Highest among all materials, absorbing approximately 50.6 kJ. * Peak Force (PCF): Generated an extreme peak force of approximately 2412 kN. * Crashworthiness Force Efficiency (CFE): Achieved the lowest CFE of 13.87%. * Risk: High peak force poses a potential structural risk to rearward vehicle parts. # Slide 7: Results - Metallic Configurations Performance (Steel) * Energy Absorption (EA): Approximately 43.3 kJ. * Peak Force (PCF): Maintained a moderate value of approximately 1140–1150 kN. * Crashworthiness Force Efficiency (CFE): Highest efficiency achieved at 27.87%. # Slide 8: Results - Metallic Configurations Performance (Aluminium) * Energy Absorption (EA): Approximately 40.7 kJ. * Peak Force (PCF): Comparable to steel at approximately 1140–1150 kN. * Crashworthiness Force Efficiency (CFE): Closely followed steel at 27.26%. # Slide 9: Discussion - Material Comparison Matrix * Total Mass: Identical (8.03 kg) for Steel, Aluminium, and Composite. * Intrusion: Identical (~53 mm) for all three materials. * Energy Management: Composite excels in total EA but suffers from extreme force transmission. * Structural Balance: Metallic structures (Steel and Aluminium) exhibit highly favorable and progressive crashworthiness. # Slide 10: Conclusion * Key Insight: Composite absorbs the most energy but transmits dangerous peak forces. * Recommendation: Steel and Aluminium provide a better balance of energy absorption efficiency (CFE) and moderate transmitted force. * Engineering Impact: Findings provide useful guidelines for